/** Modified for readability and comments
 ** Keith A. Pray
 ** October 2000
 **/

/******************************************************************/

/* A simple version of Naive-Bayes classification */

/* Copyright (C) 1999 Andrew McCallum

   Written by:  Andrew Kachites McCallum <mccallum@cs.cmu.edu>

   This file is part of the Bag-Of-Words Library, `libbow'.

   This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License
   as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.
   
   This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
   Library General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
   License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, USA */

/******************************************************************/

#include <bow/libbow.h>
#include <math.h>

/******************************************************************/

/* Get the total number of terms in each class; store this in
   CDOC->WORD_COUNT and CDOC->NORMALIZER */

/** This we will have to split if we want to treat 
 ** nominal (discrete) attributes and numeric attributes differently.
 ** Splitting them seems to make the application more flexible.
 **/

void
bow_nbsimple_set_cdoc_word_count_from_wi2dvf_weights ( bow_barrel *barrel )
{
  /** count index **/
  int ci;

  /** information about a class **/
  bow_cdoc *cdoc;

  /** word count index and 
   ** max word count (might be used for normalization) **/
  int wi, max_wi;

  /** is this the standard deviation? **/
  bow_dv *dv;

  /** index to a document vector - got from function below **/
  int dvi;

  /** number of classes (attirbutes) **/
  int num_classes = bow_barrel_num_classes ( barrel );

  /** word count array, one index for each class **/
  double num_words_per_ci [ num_classes ];

  /** for each class, initialize the number of words
   ** for that class to 0 **/
  for ( ci = 0; ci < num_classes; ci++ )
  {
    num_words_per_ci [ ci ] = 0;
  }

  /** set the max weight to the smaller of number of words or
   ** size of barrel ??  **/
  max_wi = MIN ( barrel->wi2dvf->size, bow_num_words() );

  /** for each word ?? **/
  for ( wi = 0; wi < max_wi; wi++ ) 
  {
    dv = bow_wi2dvf_dv ( barrel->wi2dvf, wi );

    if ( dv == NULL )
    {
      continue;
    }
    
    for ( dvi = 0; dvi < dv->length; dvi++ ) 
    {
      cdoc = bow_array_entry_at_index ( barrel->cdocs, 
					dv->entry[ dvi ].di );
      ci = dv->entry [ dvi ].di;

      assert ( ci < num_classes );

      num_words_per_ci [ ci ] += dv->entry [ dvi ].weight;
    }
  }

  for ( ci = 0; ci < barrel->cdocs->length; ci++ )
  {
    cdoc = bow_array_entry_at_index ( barrel->cdocs, ci );

    cdoc->normalizer = num_words_per_ci [ ci ];

    cdoc->word_count = (int) rint ( num_words_per_ci [ ci ] );
  }

} // END void bow_nbsimple_set_cdoc_word_count_from_wi2dvf_weights ( 
  //					bow_barrel *barrel )

/******************************************************************/

#define IMPOSSIBLE_SCORE_FOR_ZERO_CLASS_PRIOR 999.99

/******************************************************************/

/** So, score here mean the probabilities derived from building
 ** the Bayes classifier **/

int
bow_nbsimple_score ( bow_barrel *barrel, bow_wv *query_wv, 
		     bow_score *bscores, int bscores_len,
		     int loo_class )
{
  double *scores;		/* will become prob(class), indexed over CI */

  int ci;			/* a "class index" (document index) */

  int wvi;			/* an index into the entries of QUERY_WV. */

  int dvi;			/* an index into a "document vector" */

  double pr_w_given_c;		/* P(w|C), prob a word is in a class */

  double rescaler;		/* Rescale SCORES by this after each word */

  double new_score;		/* a temporary holder */

  int num_scores = 0;		/* number of entries placed in SCORES */

  int num_words_in_query = 0;	/* the total number of words in the QUERY_WV */

  int wi;			/* a word index */

  int max_wi;			/* one larger than the highest WI ever used */

  bow_dv *dv;			/* a "document vector", list of docs */

  int vocabulary_size;		/* the number of words ever used */

  double scores_sum;		/* sum of scores for normalization at end */

  bow_cdoc *cdoc;		/* information about a class */

  float count_w_in_c;		/* the # of times a word occurs in a class */
  
  /* This implementation only implements the bow_event_word and
     bow_event_document_then_word event models. */
  assert ( bow_event_model != bow_event_document );
  
  max_wi = MIN ( barrel->wi2dvf->size, bow_num_words() );

  vocabulary_size = barrel->wi2dvf->num_words;
  
  /* Allocate space to store scores for *all* classes (documents) */
  scores = alloca ( barrel->cdocs->length * sizeof (double) );
  
  /* Instead of multiplying probabilities, we will sum up
     log-probabilities, (so we don't loose floating point resolution),
     and then take the exponent of them to get probabilities back. */
  
  /* Initialize the SCORES to the class prior probabilities. */
  for ( ci = 0; ci < barrel->cdocs->length; ci++ )
  {
    cdoc = bow_array_entry_at_index ( barrel->cdocs, ci );
    
    if ( cdoc->prior == 0 )
    {
      scores [ ci ] = IMPOSSIBLE_SCORE_FOR_ZERO_CLASS_PRIOR;
    }
    else
    {
      scores [ ci ] = log ( cdoc->prior );
    }
  }
  
  /* Get the total number of words in this query. */
  num_words_in_query = 0;
  
  for ( wvi = 0; wvi < query_wv->num_entries; wvi++ )
  {
    /* Only count those words that are in the model's vocabulary. */
    dv = bow_wi2dvf_dv ( barrel->wi2dvf, query_wv->entry [ wvi ].wi );
    if ( dv )
    {
      num_words_in_query += query_wv->entry [ wvi ].count;
    }
  }
  
  /* Set the weights of the QUERY_WV, according to the event model. */
  for ( wvi = 0; wvi < query_wv->num_entries; wvi++ )
  {
    /* temporary fix to allow longer docs be more confident */
#if 0
    if ( bow_event_model == bow_event_document_then_word )
    {
      query_wv->entry [ wvi ].weight = 
	bow_event_document_then_word_document_length
	* ((float)query_wv->entry [ wvi ].count) / num_words_in_query;
    }
    else
    {
#endif
      query_wv->entry [ wvi ].weight = query_wv->entry [ wvi ].count;
    }
  }
  
  /* Put contribution of the words into SCORES.  */
  for ( wvi = 0; wvi < query_wv->num_entries; wvi++ )
  {
    /* Get information about this word. */
    wi = query_wv->entry [ wvi ].wi;
    dv = bow_wi2dvf_dv ( barrel->wi2dvf, wi );
    
    /* If the model doesn't know about this word, skip it. */
    if ( ! dv )
    {
      continue;
    }
    
    rescaler = DBL_MAX;
    
    /* Loop over all classes, putting this word's (WI's)
       contribution into SCORES. */
    for ( ci = 0, dvi = 0; ci < barrel->cdocs->length; ci++ )
    {
      if ( scores [ ci ] == IMPOSSIBLE_SCORE_FOR_ZERO_CLASS_PRIOR )
      {
	continue;
      }
      
      /* Find the number of times this word occurred in class CI */
      while ( dvi < dv->length && dv->entry [ dvi ].di < ci )
      {
	dvi++;
      }
      if ( dvi < dv->length && dv->entry [ dvi ].di == ci )
      {
	count_w_in_c =  dv->entry [ dvi ].weight;
      }
      else 
      {
	count_w_in_c =  0;
      }
      
      cdoc = bow_array_entry_at_index ( barrel->cdocs, ci );
      
      /* Estimate P(w|c) using Laplace smoothing */
      pr_w_given_c = ( ( 1.0 + count_w_in_c )
		       / ( ( (float) vocabulary_size ) + 
			   cdoc->normalizer) );
      
      scores [ ci ] += query_wv->entry [ wvi ].weight * 
	log ( pr_w_given_c );
      
      /* Keep track of the minimum score updated for this word. */
      if ( rescaler > scores [ ci ] )
      {
	rescaler = scores [ ci ];
      }
    }
    
    /* Loop over all classes, re-scaling SCORES so that they
       don't get so small we loose floating point resolution.
       This scaling always keeps all SCORES positive. */
    for ( ci = 0; ci < barrel->cdocs->length; ci++ )
    {
      /* Add to SCORES to bring them close to zero.  RESCALER is
	 expected to often be less than zero here. */
      if (scores [ ci ] != IMPOSSIBLE_SCORE_FOR_ZERO_CLASS_PRIOR )
      {
	scores [ci ] += -rescaler;
      }
    }
  }
  
  /* Now SCORES[] contains a (unnormalized) log-probability for each class. */
  
  /* Rescale the SCORE one last time, this time making them all -2 or
     more negative, so that exp() will work well, especially around
     the higher-probability classes. */
  rescaler = -DBL_MAX;
  
  for ( ci = 0; ci < barrel->cdocs->length; ci++ )
  {
    if ( scores [ ci ] > rescaler
	 && scores [ ci ] != IMPOSSIBLE_SCORE_FOR_ZERO_CLASS_PRIOR )
    {
      rescaler = scores[ci];
    }
  }
  
  rescaler += 2.0;
  
  /* RESCALER is now the maximum of the SCORES. */
  for ( ci = 0; ci < barrel->cdocs->length; ci++ )
  {
    if ( scores [ ci ] != IMPOSSIBLE_SCORE_FOR_ZERO_CLASS_PRIOR )
    {
      scores [ ci ] -= rescaler;
    }
  }
  
  /* Use exp() on the SCORES to get probabilities from
     log-probabilities. */
  for ( ci = 0; ci < barrel->cdocs->length; ci++ )
  {
    new_score = exp ( scores [ ci ] );
    
    /* assert (new_score > 0 && new_score < DBL_MAX - 1.0e5); */
    if ( scores [ ci ] != IMPOSSIBLE_SCORE_FOR_ZERO_CLASS_PRIOR )
    {
      scores [ ci ] = new_score;
    }
  }
  
  /* Normalize the SCORES so they all sum to one. */
  scores_sum = 0;
  
  for ( ci = 0; ci < barrel->cdocs->length; ci++ )
  {
    if ( scores [ ci ] != IMPOSSIBLE_SCORE_FOR_ZERO_CLASS_PRIOR )
    {
      scores_sum += scores [ ci ];
    }
  }
  
  for ( ci = 0; ci < barrel->cdocs->length; ci++ )
  {
    if ( scores [ ci ] != IMPOSSIBLE_SCORE_FOR_ZERO_CLASS_PRIOR )
    {
      scores [ ci ] /= scores_sum;
    }
  }
  
  /* Return the SCORES by putting them (and the `class indices') into
     SCORES in sorted order.  Do it by insertion sort because the
     number of scores that were requested to be returned may be much
     smaller than the actually number of classes. */
  
  num_scores = 0;

  /** for each class **/
  for ( ci = 0; ci < barrel->cdocs->length; ci++ )
  {
    if ( scores [ ci ] == IMPOSSIBLE_SCORE_FOR_ZERO_CLASS_PRIOR )
    {
      scores [ ci ] = -DBL_MAX;
    }
    
    if ( num_scores < bscores_len
	 || bscores [ num_scores - 1 ].weight < scores [ ci ] )
    {
      /* We are going to put this score and CI into SCORES
	 because either: (1) there is empty space in SCORES, or
	 (2) SCORES[CI] is larger than the smallest score there
	 currently. */
      
      int dsi;		/* an index into SCORES */
      
      if ( num_scores < bscores_len )
      {
	num_scores++;
      }
      
      dsi = num_scores - 1;
      
      /* Shift down all the entries that are smaller than SCORES[CI] */
      for ( ; dsi > 0 && bscores [ dsi - 1 ].weight < scores [ ci ]; dsi-- )
      {
	bscores [ dsi ] = bscores [ dsi - 1 ];
      }
      
      /* Insert the new score */
      bscores [ dsi ].weight = scores [ ci ];
      bscores [ dsi ].di = ci;
    }
  } /** end for each class **/
  
  return ( num_scores );
  
} // END int bow_nbsimple_score ( bow_barrel *barrel, bow_wv *query_wv, 
  //				  bow_score *bscores, int bscores_len,
  //				  int loo_class )

/******************************************************************/

rainbow_method bow_method_nbsimple = 
{
  "nbsimple",
  bow_nbsimple_set_cdoc_word_count_from_wi2dvf_weights,
  NULL,				/* no weight scaling function */
  NULL,
  bow_barrel_new_vpc_merge_then_weight,
  bow_barrel_set_vpc_priors_by_counting,
  bow_nbsimple_score,
  bow_wv_set_weights_to_count,
  NULL,				/* no need for extra weight normalization */
  bow_barrel_free,
  NULL
};

/******************************************************************/

void _register_method_nbsimple () __attribute__ ( ( constructor ) );

/******************************************************************/

void _register_method_nbsimple ()
{
  bow_method_register_with_name ( (bow_method*)&bow_method_nbsimple,
				  "nbsimple",
				  sizeof (rainbow_method),
				  NULL );
}

/******************************************************************/